Volume 2 Chapter 6

COMPENDIUM OF WORLD HISTORY

VOLUME 2

A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Ambassador College Graduate
School of Education In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree
Doctor of Philosophy

by Herman L. Hoeh

1963 1966, 1969 Edition

---

CHAPTER VI

SCOTLAND — KEY TO HISTORY OF NEW WORLD

The Key to the history of the New World has been lost. Not a single historian
or archaeologist knows the true origin of American Indian civilization. And no wonder!
They have thrown away the keys to that history. One of those keys will be found
in Danish history. The other — and most important — key in the checkered history
of rugged Scotland.

WHAT HISTORIANS CLAIM

The famous eight-volume ‘History of Scotland’, by John Hill Burton, begins the
history of Scotland this way: ‘It is in the year 80 of the Christian era that the
territory in later times known as Scotland comes out of utter darkness, and is seen
to join the current of authentic history. In that year Julius Agricola brought Roman
troops north ….’

This is a typical — but mistaken — view of Scottish history.

Historians have made an idol out of Roman records. What the Romans either refused
to preserve, or carelessly neglected to record, is all too often treated with contempt
by modern historians. Scotland was never long under the Roman heel. The Romans were
not particularly interested in its rocky highlands. Consequently they did not occupy
themselves with recording the major events of the past that befell its inhabitants.

Today, numerous documents are available covering the history of Scotland from
very early times. These chronicles are usually disparaged in historical circles
— or at most treated as quaint and curious documents. But to restore the lost history
of Scotland from them is frowned on with disdain.

Yet in these records are the missing links which, until now, have sundered the
Old World from the New. It is time the true story of Scotland were made known. Here,
in outline form, are the major events that make Scottish history.

FIRST MAJOR SETTLEMENT

The geographic location of Scotland is important in its history. Scotland is
the link between Scandinavia and Britain and Ireland. Its shores provide control
of the far reaches of the North Sea and the ocean. Scotland was consequently invaded,
peaceably and by frightful devastation, several times in its history.

The first permanent settlement of Scotland, for which we have recorded history,
begins with the coming of Danus I of Denmark in 1040. When the Cimbric tribes called
upon an heir of the Trojan throne to establish his domain in Denmark, Odin responded
immediately.

Out of southeastern Europe he marched into Denmark. Coming with him was a mixed
tribe known as the Agathyrsi. Agathirsi was their name, declares an old Scottish
Chronicle. (‘Controversial Issues in Scottish History’, by W. H. Gregg, p. 125.)
Odin settled them in Scotland under their leader Cruithne — after whom they were
called Cruithnians or Cruithne. Herodotus, the Greek historian, traces the Agathyrsi
to their origin in the Scythian plains of what is now the southern Ukraine The Agathyrsi
were a mixed race. Various struggles led to a catastrophe among the Agathyrsi who
came with Odin. They found themselves without women!

As a consequence they sought wives among neighboring tribes. They landed in Ireland
at the time of the establishment of the Milesian monarchy under Ghede the Herimon
(1016-1002). Following a few skirmishess an agreement was reached. The Milesians
of Ireland agreed to give wives to the Agathyrsi from their daughters on one condition:
that the Agathyrsi would pass on their inheritance through their daughters, not
their sons. This was to acknowledge that any royalty which might follow derived
kingship from their Milesian wives, not from the Agathyrsi men.

On this condition the Agathyrsi departed again for Scotland.

LINE OF JUDAH IN SCOTLAND

The women who journeyed in that day to Scotland were Milesians — of the family
of Mileadh. In volume I of the Compendium the history of the kingly line from Mileadh
to the present throne in Great Britain was given in its entirety. Its ancient connection
with the throne of David, in Judah, was made plain. But the genealogy of Mileadh
was not included.

The line of Mileadh, in Irish records, properly begins with Easru in Egypt. The
name Easru is Old Irish for Ezra or Azariah.

Easru was a friend of Moses. One Irish tradition has him crossing the Red Sea
with the children of Israel. Another tradition has him journeying, after the Exodus,
to Scythia. Irish annalists became confused by these two movements of Easru and
his family. It never occurred to them that he might have crossed the Red Sea with
Moses, and then, at a later time journeyed to Scythia.

No Irish records preserve the ancestry of Easru or Azariah. Many myths were later
created by Irish monks to account for this blank. It seems not to have occurred
to them that the Bible might record the ancestry of Easru, ending at the Exodus.

The previous volume of the Compendium established the significant fact that the
symbol of the line of Easru and Mileadh was the Crimson or Red Branch — signifying
the royal line Zarah, Judah’s son (Genesis 38:30). Now open the Bible to the genealogy
of Judah. ‘And the sons of Zarah: Zimri, and Ethan, and Heman, and Calcol, and Dara
…. And the sons of Ethan: Azariah’ (I Chronicles 2:6, 8).

Here is an Azariah, of the family of Judah — and of Zarah, the Red Branch. Azariah
was of the same generation as Moses — both were great-great-grandsons of Jacob
(compare with Exodus 6:16-20). Notice also that Azariah’s descendants did not enter
Palestine. His genealogy is not continued beyond the Exodus. That is significant.

Further, the name Azariah in Hebrew is often shortened to Ezra (see any Biblical
encyclopaedia). Its Old Irish form would be Easru. So here we have an Azariah (or
Ezra), of the same generation as Moses, Living at the time of the Exodus, whose
descendants did not settle in Palestine, and who was of the Crimson Branch. At the
same time Irish history reveals an Easru — Old Irish for Azariah or Ezra — living
in Moses’ day, crossing the Red Sea, but not settling in Palestine, whose descendants
in after generations used the symbol of the Crimson Branch! Here is the line of
Zarah — Judah! Easru is Azariah, Judah’s great-great-grandson.

In chart form (from the Bible and Stokvis’ Manuel) the Milesian princely line
appears thus:

Jacob

Judah

Zarah

Ezra

Ethan

Azariah, who is Easru

Sru

Eibher Scot

Beogamon

Ogamon

Tait

Agnamhan

Lamhfinn

Heber Glunfionn

Agnonfinn

Eimhear Glas

Nenuaill

Nuadhat

Aldoid

Earchada

Deaghata

Bratha

Breogan

Bile

Mileadh

Ghede the Herimon, now gave daughters of the royal family to the Cruithne. From
these noble women sprang a line of kings that finally united with the Scots in the
person of Kenneth Mac Alpin in 843.

In after ages the Cruithne came to be known, falsely, as Picts. The true Picts
were another people altogether — an uncivilized people who painted themselves.
Because the Cruithne ruled over the Picts who lived in the Scottish highlands, later
writers called them both ‘Picts.’ The wild, unsettled Picts later disappeared from
Scotland. Where? — historians do not know. But Scottish history tells!

But first, to summarize the story of the half-Jewish kings who descended from
the Cruithnians and the Hebrew Milesian women.

EARLIEST HISTORY OF SCOTLAND

The complete king list — and an accurate chronology of all the kings of the
Cruithne — has come down to us in the ‘Pictish Chronicle.’ The record begins with
the first settlement of the Agathyrsi in 1040. That is the year they were planted
in Northwest Europe by Odin of Denmark, who led them out of their ancient homeland
in Thrace.

The ‘Pictish Chronicle’ begins with the name of Cruithne and seven sons, who
divided the Scottish realm between them. The entire period from the first migration
in 1040 to the death of Cruithne and his sons was 100 years. Thereafter the royal
line was inherited from the mother’s side, not the father’s, in accordance with
the original agreement with the Milesians.

The following chart is taken from the ‘Pictish Chronicle.’

Lengths of Reign

Dates

Cruidne (or Cruithne), son of Cinge (or Kinne), father of the Agathyrsi
dwelling in Scotland.

100

1040- 940

The seven sons of Cruithne:

Circui
Fidaich	40
Forteim	70
Floclaid	30
Got	12
Ce, that is, Cecircum	15
Fibaid	24

The entire period of Cruithne and his seven sons is contained in the 100 years
assigned to Cruithne. None of the sons’ reigns can be dated. The kingship after
940 was passed on to the following:

Gedeolgudach	80	940-860
Denbacan	100	860-760
Finnechta (Olfinecta)	60	760-700
Guididgaedbrecach	50	700-650
Gestgurtich	40	650-610
Wurgest	30	610-580
Brudebout	48	580-532

‘From Brudebout descended 30 kings of the name of Brude, who reigned during 150
years in Ireland and in Albany,’ records the Chronicle. Albany was the seat of authority
in Scotland. The following names indicate that the realm was divided into numerous
principalities — probably 15 — over each of which two generations of kinglets
reigned.

Thirty kings by name of Brude

150

532-382

Brude Gest	Brude Uleo
Brude Urgest	Brude Gant
Brude Point	Brude Urgant
Brude Urpoint	Brude Gnith
Brude Leo	Brude Urgnith
Brude Feth	Brude Gart
Brude Urfeichir	Brude Urgart
Brude Cal	Brude Clnd
Brude Urcal	Brude Urclnd
Brude Cint	Brude Uip
Brude Urcint	Brude Uruip
Brude Feth	Brude Grith
Brude Urfeth	Brude Urgrith
Brude Ru	Brude Muin
Brude Ero	Brude Urmuin

Gilgidi	101	382-281
Tharan	100	281-181
Morleo	15	181-166
Deocilunan	40	166-126
Cimoiod, son of Arcois	7	126-119
Deord	50	119- 69
Bliciblitherth	5	69- 64
Dectoteric, brother of Diu	40	64- 24
Usconbuts	30	24 B.C.- 7 A.D.
Carvorst	40	7- 47
Deoartavois	20	47- 67
Uist	50	67-117
Ru	100	117-217
Gartnaithboc	4	217-221
Vere	9	221-230
Breth, son of Buthut	7	230-237
Vipoignamet	30	237-267
Canutulachma	4	267-271
Wradech Vechla	2	271-273
Garnaichdi Uber	60	273-333
Talore, son of Achivir — (Nectanus, a contemporary Pictish king was slain in 361)	75	333-408
Drust, son of Erp or Irb	45	408-453

Though the ‘Pictish Chronicle’ continues the history of the Cruithne without
interruption, it is important that the list be stopped here to discover who Drust,
the son of Erp, was.

EARLY LINE OF SCOTTISH KINGS

Erp is the Pictish name for the Scottish Erc. Who was this Erc?

Late Scottish historians confused this Erp or Erc with Erc the father of Fearghus.
Fearghus mac Erc reigned 513-529. This was about a century after Drust mac Erp (or
Erc). The two Ercs are not the same person. This is clearly proofd by all early
Scottish historians. ‘In two particulars at least, none of the early writers have
disagreed: that in the year 503 an invasion of Caledonia took place under the leadership
of Fergus mac Erc, and that he and his followers had come to stay’ (‘Controversial
Issues in Scottish History’, Gregg, page 35).

Then who was the other Erc whose son, a century earlier, returned to rule over
the Picts? The answer is found in the early history of the Scots who migrated from
Scythia in the year 331-330.

In 331 Alexander the Great overthrew the Persian realm. Many nations who had
been held in virtual slavery gained their freedom. One of these people was the House
of Israel. Israel was invaded in 721 by Shalmaneser of Assyria. After a three-year
siege her people were taken into captivity. Ezekiel, over a century later was given
a vision in which he saw that the House of Israel would not be released from their
enslavement until 390 years had elapsed from the time of the siege of Samaria (Ezekiel
4:3-5). It was precisely 390 years from 721, when the siege against Samaria began,
to 331, the date of the final overthrow of Persia and the deliverance out of captivity
of the Hebrews. Some of them immediately commenced a migration to the land settled
long before by their brethren. In the year 331-330 they journeyed out of Scythia
to Scotland — the word Scotland originally meant the land of the Scyths. In Scotland
they sent to Ireland for a Scythian-Mileslan prince, of the line of Mileadh, to
rule over them. A prince was dispatched, together with a small army. His name was
Fergus, the son of Ferquhard. It was his family from which Erp or Erc, the father
of Drust, king of the ‘Picts,” sprang. Before returning to complete the line of
‘Pictish’ kings, we shall present a summary of the earliest kings to rule over the
Scots in Scotland. (It should be remembered that Scotland and Pictland were but
two of several early divisions of that land now known as Scotland.)

This material is taken from Boethus and Buchanan. The correct outline is that
preserved in Anderson’s ‘Royal Genealogies’. Buchanan mistakenly shortens the total
of the dynasty 16 years. But Roman history confirms the longer form preserved by
Anderson on page 753.

Lengths of Reign

Dates

1. Fergus
He died in shipwreck off the coast of Ireland, where he went to quell
some commotions.

25

330-305

2. Feritharis
Brother of Fergus succeeds, since Fergus’ sons are too young.

15

305-290

3. Mainus
Fergus’ younger son chosen king, the older, Ferlegus, being condemned
for conspiring in his uncle’s death.

29

290-261

4. Dornadilla
A son of Mainus

28

261-233

5. Nothatus
Dornadilla’s brother; his own son too young to succeed to the throne.
A very cruel and despotic ruler, he was slain.

20

233-213

6. Reuther
Dornadilla’s son. Dowal, the murderer of Nothatus, exercised great influence
over the still young Reuther.

26

213-187

7. Reutha
Son of Nothatus, cousin of Reuther. Reuther’s brother rules for his nephew,
who is only ten years old. Reutha resigned the government in favour of Thereus
his nephew.

17

187-170

8. Thereus
Reuther’s son. A cruel and unwise tyrant, driven into exile in his twelfth
year, Conan elected viceroy.

12

170-158

9. Josina
Thereus’ brother. He greatly honored physicians, as he had been educated
among them.

24

158-134

10. Finnan
Josina’s son. Established that kings should not decide on great matters
without authority of the great council. Ne was devoted to Druidical superstitions.

30

134-104

11. Durstus
Finnan’s son. A vile and debauched ruler. Pretending to reform his life,
he invited the nobles and had them slain. He was slain in the ensuing battle.

9

104- 95

12. Evenus
Paternal cousin to Durstus. Exacted oath of allegiance from his subjects.

19

95- 76

13. Gillus
A crafty tyrant, slain by Cadwal, his viceroy, in battle.

3

76- 73

14. Evenus II
Son of Doval; grandson of Josina.

17

73- 56

15. Ederus
Son of Dochamus, Durstus’ son.

48

56- 8

16. Evenus III
A wicked and licentious king; the son of Ederus. He was put in prison
by the nobles and there murdered by a fellow prisoner.

7

8- 1

17. Metellanus
Son of Ederus’ brother.

29

‘1 B.C.’- 29 ‘A.D.’

18. Caractacus
Son of Cadallanus and of Eropeia, Metellanus’ sister.

20

29- 49

19. Corbred I
Caractacus’ brother.

18

49- 67

20. Dardanus
Metellanus’ nephew. A cruel and licentious ruler, he was captured in
battle and beheaded.

4

67- 71

21. Corbred II.
Corbred’s son. After many battles with the Romans, he died at peace.

35

71-106

22. Luctacus
A licentious prince, son of Corbred II. He was slain by his nobles.

3

106-109

23. Mogaldus (Mogallus)
Grandson of Galdus and maternal nephew of Lactacus, son of the sister
of Corbred II. Started his reign well but ended it in the ways of his predecessor.
Was slain by the nobles.

36

109-145

24. Conarus
Mogaldus’ son. He was a partner in the conspiracy against his father.
He himself was a lecherous tyrant, was put in prison after only 2 years.
Argadus became governor; Conarus was finally slain in prison in 159.

14

145-159

25. Ethodius
Mogaldus’ sister’s son. He was murdered for personal reasons by an Irish
harper.

33

159-192

26. Satrael
Ethodlus’ brother, the son was not yet mature enough. This man murdered
the nobles and friends of Ethodius, so he could do away with the sons, in
order to keep the reign in his family. Was finally strangled by his own
servants.

4

192-196

27. Donald I.
Another brother of Ethodius. The first ‘Christian king’ of Scotland.
First to coin gold and silver money in the land.

21

196-217

28. Ethodius II.
Son of Ethodius, an intellectually weak and base-minded man. Directed
by his nobles, slain by own officers.

21

217-238

29. Athirco
Son of Ethodius. Began his reign decently, but degenerated and committed
suicide when pursued by his nobles. Athirco’s brother, Dorus, flees from
the noble Nathalocus with the three sons of Athirco.

12

238-250

30. Nathalocau
A son of Athirco’s brother, he usurped the kingdom; was a cruel tyrant
and was slain by the nobles.

12

250-262

31. Findochus
A son of Athirco. A good ruler, he was slain by his own brother at the
instigation of Donald the Islander.

11

262-273

32. Donald II.
Findochus’ brother. In battle Donald is wounded and dies shortly after.

1

273-274

33. Donald III
Donald the Islander usurped the kingship without any right to it, and
ruled very cruelly. He was finally slain by Crathilinthus.

12

274-286

34. Crathilinthus
The son of Findochus, who was hidden for years. After a long series of
battles with the wild Picts, and after purging the land of the idolatrous
superstition of the Druids and enforcing Christianity, he died.

24

286-310

35. Fincormach
Crathilinthus’ cousin. A just ruler.

47

310-357

36. Romachus
Son of oldest brother of Crathilinthus. Obtained the kingdom by force
from the two sons of two other brothers of Crathilinthus. Defeated incursions
of the wild Picts. His murder ended his evil reign.

3

357-360

37. Angusianus
Son of a brother of Crathilinthus. Angusianus was slain in battle with
the Picts’ king Nectanus.

1

360-361

38. Fethelmachus
Son of the third brother of Crathilinthus, Devastating the forces of
the Picts in battle, they sent assassins who murdered the king.

3

361-364

39. Eugenius I (Evenus)
Fincormach’s son. He was killed in battle against the Romans and their
Pictish allies. The Scottish kingdom was obliterated. The dead king’s brother,
with his son Erc, and his grandson, fled to Denmark where he was received
by Sivaldus III. The Scottish population scattered throughout Scandanavia.

12

364-376

The Romans soon turned on the Cruithne — who were still dwelling in Pictland
along with the wild Picts. The Cruithne were miserably oppressed. After three decades
they came to an agreement with the Scots and promised to restore the Scots to the
throne if they would deliver them from oppression. The son of Erc or Erp returned
in 408 at the head of a Scottish army, delivered the Cruithne and restored the throne.
This son of Erc or Erp was not Ferghus, as later traditions assumed, but Drust,
who became the new king of the Cruithne or Picts. Drust was famous in poetry for
having fought 100 battles and lived 100 years. As he ended his reign in 453, he
was born 353. He was therefore only 23 years old at the time of the flight of his
grandfather and father.

Before continuing the remarkable history of the wild Picts which culminated in
503 in Scotland, we should continue with the line of Scottish kings who now sat
on the throne over the Cruithne (or the Agathyrsi Picts).

KINGS OF CRUITHNE CONTINUED

Lengths of Reign

Dates

(Drust, son of Erp or Erc

45

408-453)

Talore, son of Aniel

4

453-457

Necton Morbet, son of Erp

25

457-482

Drest Gurthinmoth

30

482-512

Galanau Etelich

12

512-524

Dadrest

1

524-525

Drest, son of Gyrom

1

525-526

Drest, son of Udrost, reigned jointly with Drest, son of Gyrom

5

526-531

Drest, son of Gyrom, continues to reign alone

5

531-536

Gartnach, son of Gyrom

7

536-543

Cealtraim, son of Gyrom

1

543-544

Talorg, son of Muircholaich

11

544-555

Drest, son of Munait

1

555-556

Galam, with Aleth

1

556-557

Galam, with Brideo

1

557-558

Bride, son of Mailcon

30

558-588

Gartnaich, son of Domelch

11

588-599

Nectan

20

599-619

Cineoch, son of Luthrn

19

619-638

Garnard, son of Wid

4

638-642

Bridei, son of Wid

5

642-647

Talore, brother of the two former kings

12

647-659

Talorcan, son of Enfret

4

659-663

Gartnait, son of Donnel

6

663-669

Drest, brother of Gartnait

7

669-676

Bridei, son of Bill

21

676-697

Taran, son of Entisidich

4

697-701

Bredei, son of Derili

11

701-712

Necton, or Naitan, son of Derili

15

712-727

Drest and Alpin reigned together

5

727-732

Onnust, or Oengus, son of Urgust, or Fergus

31

732-763

Bredei, son of Uiurgust

2

763-765

Kinoid, or Kinoth son of Wirdech

12

765-777

Elpin, or Alpin son of Wroid

3

777-780

Drest, or Durst son of Talorgan

4

780-784

Talargan, son of Onnust

2

784-786

Canaul, son of Tarla

5

786-791

Castantin, or Constantine, son of Urguist, or Fergus

30

791-821

Unnust, or Hungus, son of Urguist

12

821-833

Drest, son of Constantine, and Taloran, son of Utholl, reigned together.

3

833-836

Uwen, or Eogan, son of Unnust

3

836-839

Wrad, son of Bargoit

3

839-842

Bred Brude

3

842-845

Keneth MacAlpin, first king 16 843-859 of all Scotland, united line of Cruithne
(or ‘Picts’) with the Milesian Scottish line of Ferghus mac Erc.

This completes the history of the Picts who descended from the intermarriage
of the Cruithne and the Judaic Milesian royal house. From the reign of Kenneth MacAlpin
the history of the throne of David has already been presented in volume I.

But what befell those wild, tribal Picts who gave their name to the Cruithne
— and who painted themselves? Remnants of them continued to be referred to as late
as the seventeenth century. Most of the population, however, suddenly disappeared
in 503 upon the coming of the Milesian Scots out of Ireland under the leadership
of Fearghus mac Erc.

Those wild Picts were the people who left the many strange and intriguing remains
in the Northern Isles of Britain — the mounds, the flint knives, the stonehewn
tombs, the carvings. The next chapter explains the link between Scotland and the
New World.