INDEX D – G
Dadu (d, Ramman as, 57 .
Dagan (dan), the Babylonian, identical with Ea,
31 ; Nippur temple of,
131 ; under Isin Dynasty,
132 .
Dagda (dagda), the Irish corn god, 33 ,
238 .
Dagon (dagon), Jah and Ea as, 31 ; Dagan
and, 31 , 32 ;
as a fish and corn deity, 32 ; Baal-dagon and,
32 ; offering of mice to,
32 , 33 .
Daguna (dna), Dagon and Dagan and, 31 .
Daityas (daityăs), the Indian, like Babylonian demons,
34 .
Damascius, on Babylonian deities, 328 .
Damascus, Aramn state of, 390 ; Israel
and Judah subject to, 395 ,
396 ; Asa’s appeal to,
404 ; conflict with Assyria,
407 ; Judah and Israel allied against,
408 ; murder of Ben-hadad II,
410 ; Palestine subject to,
414 ; Israel overcomes,
449 ; conquered by Adad-nirari IV,
438 , 439 .
Damik-ilishu (dam-ik-il-ish, last king of Isin Dynasty,
133 .
Damkina (damki-na), wife of Ea, 33 ,
34 ; demon attendants of,
63 ; as mother of Ea,
105 ; as mother of Enlil,
139 ; Zerpanitumand,
160 ; association of with moon,
436 ; creatrix and,
437 .
Damu (d, the fairy goddess of dreams, 77 ,
78 .
Danavas (dăvas), the Indian, like Babylonian demons,
34 .
Dancing, the constellations, 333 .
Danes, harvest god as patriarch of, 92 .
Daniel, Nebuchadrezzar’s “fiery furnace”, 349 .
Danu (dn, the Irish goddess, 268 .
Daonus or Daos, the shepherd, Tammuz as, 83 ,
86 .
Darius I, claims to be Achenian, 496 ;
plots against Merodach cult, 497 .
Darius II, death of at Babylon, 497 .
Darius III, Alexander the Great overthrows,
497 .
Dasa (dă), the Indian, as “foreign devil”,
67 .
Dasyu (dhyoo), the Indian, as “foreign devil”,
67 .
Date palm, in Babylonia, 25 .
David, the ephod used by, 213 ,
214 , 388 .
Dead, the, Nergal lord of, 56 ; ghosts of
searching for food, 70 ,
71 ; Osiris lord of,
86 ; charms, weapons, and food for,
206 ; “houses” of,
206 –208 ; spirits
of as warriors and fishermen, 212 .
Death, eagle of, 168 ; the Roman,
169 ; Hercules and,
170 .
Death, the sea of, in Gilgamesh epic, 178
et seq.
Death, the stream of, 56 .
Deer, associated with Lagash goddess, 120 .
Deities, the local, 43 ,
44 ; food and water required by,
44 ; the mead of,
45 ; early groups of in Egypt and Sumeria, 105 ,
106 ; made drunk at banquet,
144 .
Deluge Legend, Smith translates, xxii. . See Flood Legends.
Demeter (de-meter), the goddess, Poseidon as lover of,
33 , 103 .
Demons, the Babylonian Ocean, 34 ; gods as,
35 , 62 ,
135 ; Enlil lord of,
35 , 63 ; Tiamat
and Apsu as, 37 ,
38 , 64 ; Tiamat’s brood,
140 , 141 ,
214 , 215 ;
“ceremonies of riddance”, 58 ; as sources of
misfortune, 60 ; in images,
61 ; the winged bull, &c.,
65 ; the “will-o-the-wisp”,
66 , 67 ; Anu
as father of, 63 ,
68 ; as lovers, 67 ,
68 ; Adam’s first wife Lilith,
67 ; ghosts as, 69 ,
215 ; penetrate everywhere,
71 , 72 ; as pigs,
horses, goats, &c., 71 ; Set pig of Egypt,
85 ; as wind hags,
72 , 73 ; the
Zu bird, 74 ; Indian eagle,
166 ; association of with gods,
76 ; the serpent mother one of the,
74 –76 ; the Jinn,
78 ; as composite monsters,
79 ; the Teutonic Beli,
95 ; in mythology and folk lore,
151 et seq.; the Gorgons,
159 ; King of Cuthah’s battle against,
214 , 215 ;
disease germs as, 234 .
De Morgan, pottery finds by, 263 .
Derceto (der-keto), fish goddess, Semiramis and,
277 , 418 ,
423 ; mermaid form of,
426 ; Atargatis legend,
426 , 427 ;
dove symbol of, 432 ; legends attached to,
437 .
De Sarzec, M., xxiii .
“Descent of Ishtar”, poem, 95 et seq.
Destroyer, the, “World Mother” as, xxx ,
100 ; Ninip as,
53 ; goddess Nin-sun as, 57 ; Enlil and Nergal
as, 62 , 63 ,
303 ; Egyptian and Indian deities as,
63 , 85 ,
157 , 336 ;
Cronos as, 64 ; “Shedu” bull as,
65 ; Set boar as,
85 ; Babylonian boar god as, 86 ; eagle as,
168 , 169 ;
“winged disk” as, 336 ; sun as,
336 ; Thor, Ashur, Tammuz, and Indra each as,
340 .
Diarmid, the Celtic, Tammuz-Adonis and, 84 ,
87 ; water of life myth,
186 , 187 ;
Totemic boar and, 293 .
Dietrich (dētrēch: ‘ch’ as in loch) as the thunder god,
74 , 164 .
Diodorus, on Babylonian star lore, 309 .
Disease, Nergal the god of, 53 ,
54 ; goddess of,
77 ; demons of, 60 ,
63 , 77 .
Divorce, in Babylonia, 227 .
Doctors, laws regarding, 230 ,
231 ; Herodotus on,
231 ; Assyrian king and,
231 , 232 .
Doves, goddesses and, 418 ; Semiramis protected
after birth by, 424 ; goddess of Cyprus and,
426 ; Aphrodite and,
427 ; Ishtar and Gula and,
427 , 428 ;
associated with temples and homes, 428 ; in
Gilgamesh epic, 428 ; deities identified with,
429 ; ravens and,
429 ; sacred at Mycen
430 ; snakes and in Crete,
430 ; sacred among Semites and Hittites,
430 ; Egyptian lovers and,
431 ; pigeon lore in England, Ireland, and Scotland,
431 ; fish and,
432 ; Totemic theory, 432 et seq.;
antiquity of veneration of, 433 ,
434 ; sacrificed in Israel,
439 ; the Persian eagle legend and,
493 .
Dragon, the, of Babylon, 62 ; in group of
seven spirits, 63 ; Tiamat as the female,
38 , 64 ; Tiamat
as ocean, 15 , as “fire drake”, “worm”, &c.,
151 ; “Ku-pu” of Tiamat,
147 ; heart of,
147 n.; liver vulnerable part of, 153 ;
the male, 156 (see Apsu); Biblical references
to, 114 , 157 ,
158 ; Eur-Asian variations of myth of,
151 , 152 ;
well of at Jerusalem, 152 ; the Egyptian,
156 ; Sutekh as slayer of,
157 ; Merodach as slayer of (see Merodach).
Drake, the Fire, the Babylonian, 66 ,
67 ; dragon as,
151 .
Dreams, the fairy goddess of, 77 ,
78 .
Drink traffic, women monopolized in Babylonia,
229 .
Drinking customs, religious aspect of, 45 ;
inspiration from blood, 48 ; the gods drunk at
Anshar’s banquet, 144 .
Dungi (dgi), King of Ur, 130 ; daughters
of as rulers, 130 ; an Ea worshipper,
131 .
Dyaus (rhymes with “mouse”), displaced by Indra,
302 .
Dying gods, the eternal goddess and the, 101
et seq.; death a change of form, 305 .
Ea (ā, god of the deep, Ashurbanipal and,
xxii , xxiii ;
a typical Babylonian god, xxviii ,
xxix , 27 ;
Oannes and, 27 ,
30 ; as world artisan like Ptah and Indra, 30 ;
connection of with sea and Euphrates, 28 ,
29 , 39 ; as sea-demon,
62 ; names of, 30 ,
39 , as fish and corn god,
32 ; Dagon, Poseidon, Neptune, Frey, Shony, &c.,
and, 31 , 33 ;
Dagon and Dagan, 31 ; Ea as Dagan at Nippur,
131 ; as Ya, or Jah, of Hebrews,
31 ; fish of, 294 ;
Indian Varuna and, 31 ,
34 , 209 ; wife
of as earth lady, 33 ; wife of as mother,
105 ; Anu and, 34 ;
Enlil and, 35 ; demons of,
35 , 63 ; in early
triad, 36 , 37 ,
463 ; Indian Vishnu and,
38 ; as dragon slayer,
38 , 140 ,
153 , 157 ;
Adapa, son of, a demon slayer, 72 ,
73 ; in demon war,
77 ; as “great magician”,
38 , 46 ; moon
god and, 40 , 50 ,
51 , 53 ; solar
attributes of, 50 ,
51 , 53 ; food
supply and, 43 ; beliefs connected with,
44 ; Nusku as messenger of,
50 ; Nebo a form of,
303 , 435 ;
gods that link with, 57 ,
58 ; as form of Anshar,
125 ; family of including Merodach and Tammuz,
72 , 73 ,
82 ; daughter of,
117 ; Merodach supplants,
158 ; Enlil as son of,
139 ; Ashur as son of,
348 ; planetary gods and,
304 ; worshipped at Lagash,
116 ; earliest form of,
134 ; under Isin Dynasty,
132 ; in Creation legend,
138 et seq.; astral “field” of,
147 , 307 ;
constellations and, 296 ; Merodach directs decrees
of, 149 ; Etana and eagle visit heaven of,
166 ; in flood legend,
190 et seq.; as Aos,
328 ; the goat and,
333 ; as “high head”,
334 ; Sargon II and,
463 .
Ea-bani (ābi), 41 ,
42 ; ghost of as “wind gust”,
48 , 49 ; goat
demi-god, 135 ; lured from the wilds,
173 ; as ally of Gilgamesh,
174 ; Ishtar’s wooing,
174 , 175 ;
slaying of Ishtar’s bull, 176 ; death of,
176 , 177 ;
ghost of invoked by Gilgamesh, 183 ,
184 .
Eagle, the, Sumerian Zu bird and Indian Garuda eagle,
74 , 75 ,
165 , 166 ,
168 , 169 ,
330 , 346 ,
347 ; the lion headed as Nin-Girsu (Tammuz),
120 , 135 ;
in Etana myth, 165 ; in Nimrod myth,
166 , 167 ;
in Alexander the Great legend, 167 ; in Scottish
folk tale, 167 ,
168 ; as soul carrier,
168 ; Roman Emperor’s soul and,
169 ; Hercules and,
170 , 349 ;
Gilgamesh protected at birth by, 171 ; Persian
patriarch protected at birth by, 493 ; the Totemic
theory, 293 , 493 ;
wheel of life and, 346 ,
347 ; Ashur and Horus and,
343 ; wings of on Ashur disk,
351 , 352 .
Eagle stone, as a birth charm, 165 .
Eagle tribe, the ancient, 493 .
Eannatum (ā-num), King of Lagash, a great conqueror,
118 , 119 ;
rules Ur and Erech, 119 ; works of,
119 ; mound burial in period of,
214 .
Earth children, elves and dwarfs as, 292 ,
292 n.
Earth spirits, males among father worshippers,
105 ; the Egyptian, Teutonic, Aryan, and Siberian,
105 ; elves and fairies as,
294 , 295 .
Earth worship, moon and stone worship and, 52 .
Ecclesiastes, “Lay of the Harper”, “Song of the Sea Lady” and,
179 , 180 .
Ecke (eck-ā), Tyrolese storm demon, 74 .
Eclipse foretold by Assyrian and Babylonian astronomers,
321 , 322 ;
the Ahaz sundial record, 323 ; Babylonian records
of, 324 ; in reign of Ashur-dan III,
442 .
Ecliptic, when divided, 322 .
Edinburgh, the giant Arthur of, 164 .
Edom, Judah and, 402 ,
409 , 448 ;
tribute from to Assyria, 439 .
Education, in Hammurabi Age, 251 .
Egg, the, goddess Atargatis born of, 28 ,
426 ; thorn as life in,
352 .
Egypt, agricultural festivals in, xxxi ;
debt of modern world to, xxxv ; prehistoric
agriculture in, 6 ; Mediterranean race in,
7 ; early shaving customs,
5 , 9 ,
10 ; theory copper first used in,
12 ; social status of women in,
16 ; early gods of and Sumerian,
26 , 36 ,
37 ; creative tears of deities of;
45 ; lunar worship in,
52 ; god and goddess cults in,
105 ; Great Mother Nut of,
166 ; at dawn of Sumerian history,
114 ; bearded deities of,
136 ; dragon of,
156 ; “Lay of Harper” and Sumerian “Song of
Sea Lady”, 178 ,
179 ; flood legend of,
197 ; feast of dead in,
206 ; burial customs and Sumerian,
209 –214 ; Hyksos
invasion and Hittite raid on Babylon, 259 ;
culture debt of to Syria, 275 ; prehistoric
Armenoid invasion of, 11 ,
263 ; prehistoric black foreign pottery,
263 ; Totemism in,
292 –295 ,
432 –433 ; Syrian
empire of lost, 284 ; fairies and elves of,
294 ; Pharaoh displaces gods in,
295 ; doctrine of mythical ages in,
315 ; the phoenix,
330 ; the “man in the sun”,
336 : Neith as a thunder goddess,
337 , 337
n.; Ankh symbol, 347 ; influence of Hittites
in, 364 ; wars with Hittites,
365 , 366 ;
Cretans and sea raiders, 378 ; Hebrews and,
388 ; “mother right” in,
418 ; sacred pigeons in,
428 ; fosters revolt against Sargon II,
457 ; Pharaoh and Piru of Mutsri,
458 and n.; Sennacherib defeats army of,
465 ; intrigues against Assyria,
465 , 471 ;
as Assyrian province, 475 ; Ashur-bani-pal and,
482 , 484 ;
Assyrian yoke shaken off, 486 ; Scythians on
frontier of, 488 ; after Assyria’s fall,
489 ; Hophra plots against Nebuchadnezzar II,
491 .
Elah, King of Israel, 405 .
Elam, prehistoric pottery of, 5 ,
263 ; copper from,
130 ; British influence in,
357 ; caravan routes of,
361 .
Elamites, relations with early Sumerians, 111 ;
defeated by Eannatum of Lagash, 118 ; raid on
Lagash by, 121 ; Sargon of Akkad defeats,
127 ; Ur dynasty overthrown by,
131 ; in Hammurabi Age,
217 ; conquests of Warad-Sin and Rim-Sin,
217 ; King Sin-muballit’s struggle with,
242 , 243 ;
Medes and, 244 ; King of and Abraham,
247 ; in Syria,
247 ; driven from Babylonia, 249 ; in Kassite
period, 274 , 370 ,
380 , 381 ;
connection of with early Assyria, 278 ; struggle
for trade expansion, 361 et seq.; Babylonian
raid, 369 ; during Solomon period,
391 ; Esarhaddon and,
472 ; Ashur-bani-pal subdues,
484 , 485 .
Elisha, call of Jehu, 409 ,
410 ; call of Hazael,
410 , 411 .
Elves, the Babylonian, 67 ; as lovers,
68 ; origin of conception of,
79 , 80 ,
292 ; like Indian Ribhus and Siberian “masters”
105 ; the European, Egyptian, and Indian,
294 ; human bargains with,
294 , 295 .
Enannatum I (en-an-num) of Lagash, defeats Umma force,
119 .
Enannatum II, King of Lagash, last of Ur-Nina’s line,
120 .
England, the ancestral giant of, 42 ; spitting
customs in, 47 ; return of dead dreaded in,
70 , 70 n.;
Black Annis, the wind hag, 73 ,
101 ; fairies and elves of,
80 , 186 ; the
“fire drake” of, 151 ; “Long Meg” a hag of,
156 ; “Long Tom” a giant of,
156 ; pigeon lore in,
431 .
Enki (ānki), “lord of the world”, Ea as, 31 .
See Ea.
Enlil, god of Nippur and elder Bel, lord of demons,
35 ; spouse of, 36 ;
in early group of deities, 37 ; like Indian Shiva,
38 ; deities that link with,
35 , 57 ,
271 , 272 ;
as destroyer, 62 ,
63 ; “fates” as sons of,
80 ; Ur Nina worshipped,
116 ; as son of Ann,
124 ; as son of Ea,
139 ; Ninip as son and father of,
53 , 158 ,
302 ; during Isis Dynasty,
132 ; astral “field” of,
147 ; Merodach directs decrees of,
149 ; as corn god,
159 ; monotheism of cult of,
161 ; temple of as “world house”,
35 , 332 ; as
bull and “high head”, 334 ; Etana in heaven
of, 166 ; also rendered Ellil. See Bel.
Enlil-bani (enlil-bi), King of Isin, a usurper like Sargon,
133 .
En-Mersi (en-mersi), a form of Tammuz,
116 .
Enneads, the Babylonian and Egyptian, 36 .
Entemena (en-temen-a), King of Lagash, Umma subdued by,
119 , 120 ;
famous silver vase of, 120 ; worshipped as a
god, 257 , 258 .
Ephod, the, used by David, 213 ,
214 .
Ephron the Hittite, 12 .
Equinoxes, precession of, where law of discovered: Greece or Babylonia?
320 , 320
n., 322 .
Erech, Ann god of, 34 ; gods of become flies
and mice, 41 ; destroying sun goddess of,
57 ; Ur-Nina and,
116 ; under Lagash,
119 ; an ancient capital,
124 , 125 ;
rise of after Akkad, 129 ; moon god at,
130 ; in Gilgamesh epic,
172 et seq.; in revolt against Ashur-bani-pal,
484 ; Nabonidus and,
492 .
Eresh-ki-gal (eresh-kig), goddess of death,
53 ; Nergal husband and conqueror of,
53 , 54 ,
204 , 205 ,
303 ; as a Norn,
77 ; “Fates” as sons of, So; as wife of Enlil,
80 ; Germanic hag like,
95 ; punishment of Ishtar by,
96 , 97 ; as destroyer,
100 .
Eridu (eri-d, once a seaport, 22 ,
25 , 38 ; Ea the
god of, 27 ; sanctity of,
38 , 39 .
Eros, Greek love god, 90 .
E-sagila (e-si-la), Merodach’s temple,
221 ; Hammurabi and,
252 ; in Kassite Age,
274 ; as symbol of world hill,
332 ; sacked by Sennacherib,
468 ; gods of Ur, Erech, Larsa, and Eridu in,
492 , 493 ;
Xerxes pillages, 497 ; Alexander the Great repairs,
497 ; decay of,
498 .
Esarhaddon (esar-haddon), character of, 470 ;
Babylonian wife of, 471 ; Egypto-Syrian league
against, 471 ,
472 ; Queen Nakia regent of, 472 ; alliance
with Urartu, 473 ; sack of Sidon,
473 ; Manasseh’s revolt,
474 ; invasion of Egypt,
475 ; revolt in Assyria,
476 ; successors chosen by,
476 ; death of,
476 .
Esau, Hittite wives of; 266 .
Etana (e-t, Zu bird myth and, 74 –76 ;
quest of the “Plant of Birth”, 164 ,
165 ; flight with eagle to heavens,
165 , 166 .
Eternal goddess, the, husbands of die annually,
101 et seq.
Ethnology, folk beliefs and, xxvi .
Euphrates, the river, 22 ; as “the soul of
the land”, 23 ; rise and fall of,
24 ; as the creator,
29 .
Europe, lunar worship in, 52 ; Armenoid invasion
of, 264 .
Evans, Sir Arthur, pottery finds by, 263 .
“Evil Merodach”, King of Babylon, 492 .
Evolution, in Babylonian religion, xxxiv .
Ezekiel, on fire-worshipping ceremony, 50 ;
Tammuz weeping, 82 ; on ethnics of Jerusalem,
246 ; on Hittite characteristics,
266 ; Assyria the cedar,
340 , 341 ;
the wheel of life symbol, 344 et seq.
Ezra, return of Jewish captives with, 496 .
Face paint, for the dead, 206 ; why used
for dead, living, and gods, 212 .
Fafner dragon, 156 .
Fairies, the Babylonian, 67 ; origin of,
79 , 80 ; green
like other spirits, 186 ; the European, Egyptian,
and Indian, 294 ; human bargains with,
294 , 295 ;
birds as, 429 .
Farm labourers, scarcity of in Babylonia, 256 .
Farnell, Dr., on pre-Hellenic religion, 104 ;
on racial gods in Greece, 105 .
Fates, the birds as, 65 ,147
n., 427 n.,430 ;
as servants of Anu, 77 ; moon as chief of the,
301 ; oldest deities as,
317 ; on St. Valentine’s Day,
430 ; Aphrodite and Ishtar as,
433 .
Father, the Great, Anu as, 38 ; Ramman-Hadad
as, 57 ; Apsu, the chaos demon as,
64 ; Osiris as, 99 ;
shadowy spouse of, Too; nomadic people and, 105 ;
worshipped by Hatti, xxx ,
268 , 420 .
Father and son conflict; younger god displaces elder, Ninip and Enlil, Merodach
and Ea, Indra and Dyaus myths, 158 ; Osiris
and Horus, 159 ; in astral myths,
302 , 303 ,
304 , 305 ,
348 .
Feast of Dead, 206 .
Fig tree, in Babylonia, 25 :
Finger counting, in Babylonia and India, 311
et seq.
Finn-mac-Coul (finnmac-cool), as hero and god,
87 , 87 n.,
88 n.; as mother monster slayer,
153 , 154 ;
Beowulf and, 155 ; as a “sleeper”,
164 , 394 ;
water of life myth, 186 ,
187 .
Finns, language of and the Sumerians, 3 ; of
Ural-Altaic stock, 4 .
Fire, as vital principle, 50 ,
51 ; fire and water ceremonies,
50 , 51 ; the
ever-lasting fire in the sea, 50 ,
51 ; the Babylonian “Will-o-the-wisp”,
66 ; Eagle and,
169 ; the May Day, 348 ; ceremony of riddance,
349 ; Babylonian burnings,
348 ; Nimrod’s pyre,
349 , 350 ;
Tophet, 350 ; royal burnings in Israel and Judah,
350 , 351 .
Fire drake, the Babylonian, 66 ,
151 .
Fire gods, the Babylonian and Indian, 49 .
First born, sacrifice of, 50 .
Fish deities, Sumerian Ea and Indian Brahma and Vishnu as,
27 , 28 ; in Eur-Asian
legends, 28 ; Sumerian and Egyptian,
29 ; connection of with corn,
29 , 32 ; goddess
of Lagash, 117 ; Western Asian fish goddesses,
277 , 418 ,
423 , 426 ;
dove symbol of, 431 ,
432 ; Totemism and,
294 .
Flies, gods turn to, 41 .
Flood legend, the Babylonian, 24 ,
55 , 190 et seq.; the Greek, 195 ; the Indian,
xxvi , 196 ;
the Irish, 196 ; the Egyptian,
197 ; the American,
197 , 198 ;
the Biblical, 198 ,
199 .
Folk cures, the ancient, 6 ,,
231 , 232 –234 .
Folk lore, mythology and, xxv ,
xxxiv , 42 ,
151 et seq.,
189 ; ethnology in,
xxvi .
Food of death, 44 .
Food of the gods, 44 .
Food supply, religion and the, 42 ,
43 .
“Foreign devils”, the Babylonian and Indian,
67 .
Four quarters, the, in astronomy, 307 ; lunar
divisions, 323 .
Fowl, inspiration from blood of, 48 .
France, skull forms in Dordogne valley, 8 ;
Syrian railways of, 357 .
Frazer, Professor, xxv; “homogeneity of beliefs”, xxvi; Adonis garden,
171 , 172 ;
Hercules and Melkarth, 348 ; on Semiramis legend,
424 , 425 .
Frey (frī), the Germanic patriarch and corn god,
33 , 93 ,
94 ; links with Tammuz myth,
95 , 116 ,
204 .
Freyja (frīya), the Germanic eternal goddess,
102 ; lovers of,
102 .
Frigg, Germanic goddess, lovers of, 103 .
Frode (frōdē). See Frey.
Gabriel, Abraham rescued from Nimrod’s pyre by,
349 , 350 .
Gaga (ga), messenger of Anshar, 143 .
Gallu (gl, as “foreign devil”, 65 –67 .
Gandash (gdash), Kassite king, 271 .
Ganga (găng, the Indian goddess, as king’s lover,
68 .
“Garden of Adonis”, 171 ,
172 .
Gardens, the Hanging, of Babylon, 220 .
Garstang, Professor, on fall of Hatti and god cult,
268 ; on Totemic Adonis boar,
293 , 294 ;
Hittite Sandan disk, 348 .
Garuda (găr-oodă), Indian eagle god, Zu bird and, xxvi; myth of,
74 , 75 ; Etana
eagle and, 165 ; sons of,
166 ; identified with Agni, Brahma, Indra, Yama,
&c., t68 , 169 ;
wheel of life and, 346 ,
347 .
Gauls, Hittite raiders like the, 261 ; gods
of and the Babylonian, 316 ,
317 . Germ theory, anticipated by Babylonians,
61 , 234 .
Germany, double-headed eagle of, 168 ; the
Baghdad railway, 357 .
Gezer cave dwellings, 10 ; cremation practised
in, 11 .
Ghosts, “wind gusts” as, 48 ,
49 ; associated with demons,
60 , 215 ,
216 ; as birds,
65 ; as death bringers, 69 ,
295 ; the terrible mothers,
69 ; where dreaded and where invoked,
69 , 70 ; Babylonian
“night prowlers”, 70 ; food required by,
70 , 212 ,
213 ; Ishtar’s threat to raise,
215 ; King of Cuthah and,
215 , 216 ;
as “Fates” and enemies of the living, 295 ;
worship of, 295 ; Orion and Jupiter as,
305 .
Giants, the British Alban, 42 ; the Babylonian,
71 ; graves of,
296 .
Gibil (gibil), fire god, Nusku and, 353 .
Gilgamesh (gilgmesh), the Babylonian Hercules,
41 ; revelation of ghost to,
48 , 49 ,
183 , 184 ;
quest of, 164 ; birth legend of,
171 ; eagle rescues,
171 ; lord of Erech,
172 ; coming of Ea-bani,
173 ; Ishtar’s fatal love of,
174 ; “La Belle Dame Sans Merci”,
174 , 175 ;
Ishtar spurned by, 99 ,
176 ; Ishtar’s bull slain,
176 ; death of Ea-bani,
176 ; quest of Water of Life and Plant of Life,
177 ; the mountain tunnel and Sea of Death,
178 ; song of the Sea Lady,
178 , 179 ;
reaches Pir-napishtim’s island, 180 ; ancestor’s
revelation to and magic food, 182 ; plant of
life, 183 ; Earth Lion robs,
183 ; Germanic gods and heroes and,
184 , 185 ;
flood legend revealed to, 190 et seq.;
Tammuz and, 210 ; Ashur and,
336 ; Persian eagle and,
493 .
Gillies, Dr. Cameron, on Scottish folk cures,
232 , 233 .
Gira (gira), the god, 42 .
Girru (girr, the fire god, 49 .
Gish B, the fire god, 49 .
Goat, inspiration from blood of, 48 ; demons
enter the, 71 ; on Lagash vase,
120 ; the six-headed,
332 ; the satyr or astral goat man,
333 ; the white kid of Tammuz,
85 , 333 ; the
Arabic “kid” star, 333 ; associated with Anshar,
Agni, Varuna, Ea, and Thor, 329 ,
333 , 334 ;
forehead symbol of like Apis symbol, 334 ; Minerva’s
shield has skin of, 337 .
Goblin, the Babylonian, 66 .
God, the Dead, grave of Osiris, 296 ; also
alive and in various forms, 297 . God cult,
fusion of with goddess cult, 105 .
Goddesses, at once mothers, wives, and daughters of gods,
99 , 101 ,
436 ; husbands of die annually,
101 et seq.; lovers of various,
102 ; of Mediterranean racial tribes,
105 ; Ishtar as “La Belle Dame Sans Merci”,
174 –176 ; the
Semiramis legend, 417 et seq.
Gods, Babylonian and Egyptian groups, 36 ,
37 ; the younger and elder,
149 ; why Sumerian were bearded,
135 –137 .
Goodspeed, Professor, on early astronomy, 321 ,
322 .
Gorgons, the, Tiamat and, 159 .
Graves, charms and weapons in, 206 ; as houses
of dead, 206 ,
208 ; of gods and giants, 296 .
Great Mother, the, forms of, 36 ; Hittite
and Sumerian forms, 267 ; Anaitis, Ate, Cybele,
Ishtar, Isis, Astarte, Ashtoreth, and Atargatis,
267 ; Kadesh, Anthat, and Danu,
268 .
Greece, spitting customs in, 46 ,
47 ; blood drinking in,
48 ; wanton goddesses of,
104 ; imported gods in,
105 ; dragon myths of,
151 , 152 ;
eagle connected with birth and death in, 168 ;
flood legend of, 195 ,
196 ; “Island of Blessed”,
203 ; star myths of,
300 ; Babylonian culture reached through Hittites,
306 ; doctrine of world’s ages,
310 et seq.; pre-Hellenic beliefs in,
84 , 104 ,
317 ; astrology in,
318 et seq.; astronomy in,
316 , 319
et seq.; in pre-Phrygian period, 386 ;
fusion of races in, 393 .
Greeks of Cilicia, Ashur-bani-pal and, 484 .
See Ionians.
Green, a supernatural colour, 186 .
“Grey Eyebrows”, a Gaelic hag, 87 ; myth of,
101 .
Gudea (ge-a), King of Lagash, sculptures, buildings, and trade of,
xxiii , 129 ,
130 ; bearded gods of,
136 .
Gula (gool, mother goddess, 100 ; Bau
and, 116 ; feast of,
476 .
Gungunu (gg-, King of Ur, 132 .
Guns, called after giants “Long Meg” and “Long Tom”,
156 .
Gutium (gium), northern mountaineers, 128 ,
129 , 264 ;
demons and, 307 .
Gyges (gȳjes), King of Lydia, emissaries of visit Nineveh,
483 , 486 .
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